基于数值模拟方法，系统分析了涡轮叶片冷效试验冷却空气流动换热特性及温度测量的潜在误差，提出了降低测温误差的优化试验方案。针对某型叶片冷效试验，结合试验工况对冷却空气在试验段内的流动与换热特性进行数值研究。结果表明：冷却空气经引气管进入集气盒时，因引气管自然对流散热导致温度下降（扰动为0.5%），随后在集气盒内受高温燃气下窜加热而显著升温（扰动为15.5%）。前者在工程应用中可忽略，而后者对冷效试验结果影响显著。通过在叶片安装段下部腔室外壁增设冷气通入孔并调控冷气流量，可使进入叶片的冷却空气温度与实测值一致，同时改善集气盒内温度分布的均匀性，有效降低试验误差。

Based on numerical simulation methods, a systematic analysis was conducted on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of cooling air and the potential errors in temperature measurement during the cooling effect tests of turbine blades. A feasible optimization method to reduce measurement errors was proposed. Taking a blade cooling effect test as the research object, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of cooling air in the test section were analyzed under experimental conditions. The results indicate that the cooling air temperature decreases slightly in the air supply pipe due to natural convection (disturbance of 0.5%), while it increases significantly in the air collection box due to heating by downward-flowing high-temperature gas (disturbance of 15.5%). The former effect is negligible in engineering applications, whereas the latter has a significant impact on the results of the cooling effect test. By introducing cold air through holes in the lower chamber outdoor wall of the blade installation section and regulating the flow rate, the temperature of cooling air entering the blade aligns with the measured value, and the uniformity of temperature distribution in the air collection box is improved, thereby effectively reducing experimental errors.

TK221

国家自然科学基金“叶企孙”科学基金（U2241251）