在“双碳”目标和“双控”制度下,太阳能光热利用技术具有低碳化技术优势,是能源低碳转型的重要清洁能源技术,而储热子系统的储热材料选择直接影响系统效率。考虑系统设备投资和运营成本等影响因素,以两小时连续输出(场景一)、清洁能源渗透率60%(场景二)和24小时全天候连续输出模式(场景三)为应用场景,分析论证四种储热材料在三种场景适用性。对于相同的输出功率和储热系统温度,在场景一中,熔盐储热成本中最低,相变材料储热次之；在场景二中,熔盐储热成本最低,混凝土储热次之；在场景三中,混凝土储热成本最低,熔盐储热次之；面对四种储热材料,场景一的初投资成本最低,场景三的初投资成本最高；在场景一和场景二中熔盐储热的平准化单位热量成本(LCOE)最低,面对三种场景,相变材料储热和导热油储热的LCOE都比较高；熔盐储热在场景一和场景二中显示较好的经济性,具有相对较短的静态投资回收期；随着储热时长的增加,四种储热材料的投资回收期显著延长。综合考虑初投资、运营维护成本、LCOE和静态投资回收期适用性评价指标,熔盐储热在技术经济性方面更具优势。

Under the "dual carbon" goals and the "dual control" system, solar thermal utilization technology possesses the advantage of being a low-carbon technology, serving as a crucial clean energy solution for the low-carbon transformation of energy. The selection of thermal storage materials in the thermal storage subsystem directly impacts system efficiency. Considering factors such as systemequipment investment and operational costs, the analysis evaluates the applicability of four thermal storage materials across three application scenarios: two-hour continuous output (Scenario 1), 60% clean energy penetration (Scenario 2), and 24-hour continuous output mode (Scenario 3). For the same output power and temperature of the thermal storage system, in scenario one, the cost of molten salt thermal storage is the lowest, followed by phase change material thermal storage; In scenario two, the cost of molten salt thermal storage is the lowest, followed by concrete thermal storage; In scenario three, concrete thermal storage has the lowest cost, followed by molten salt thermal storage; Faced with four types of thermal storage materials, scenario one has the lowest initial investment cost, while scenario three has the highest initial investment cost; In scenario one and scenario two, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for molten salt thermal storage is the lowest. Faced with the three scenarios, the LCOE for phase change material thermal storage and thermal oil thermal storage are relatively high; Molten salt thermal storage shows good economic performance in scenarios one and two, with a relatively short static investment payback period; With the increase of heat storage duration, the investment payback period of the four types of heat storage materials is significantly extended. Taking into account the applicability evaluation indicators of initial investment, operation and maintenance costs, LCOE, and static payback period, molten salt thermal storage demonstrates greater advantages in terms of technical and economic feasibility.