舶动力与辅机系统，如主循环泵、减速齿轮箱、推进轴系等的可靠性直接关乎船舶生命力，其在密闭机舱、强干扰环境下的特殊工况对传统接触式监测技术提出了严峻挑战。系统梳理了视觉-激光融合技术在船用设备振动监测与诊断中的理论研究进展，重点分析了适用于船舶场景的融合感知理论、抗干扰信号处理及轻量化诊断模型等关键问题。分析表明，该技术通过多模态感知与智能融合，为船舶设备状态监测提供了具有潜力的技术路径，并为船舶场景下的技术分析提供了参考框架。

The reliability of a ship’s propulsion and auxiliary systems—such as the main circulation pump, reduction gearbox, and propulsion shafting—is directly linked to the vessel’s operational viability. The unique operating conditions in enclosed engine rooms and highly noisy environments pose significant challenges to traditional contact-based monitoring technologies. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical research progress of vision-laser fusion technology in the vibration monitoring and diagnosis of marine equipment, focusing on key issues such as fusion perception theory, anti-interference signal processing, and lightweight diagnostic models suitable for marine environments. The analysis indicates that this technology, through multimodal perception and intelligent fusion, offers a promising technical pathway for the condition monitoring of marine equipment and provides a reference framework for technical analysis in marine scenarios.