为提升工业领域中低品位余热的利用效率、缓解能量供需时序失衡并降低运行成本，设计了一种基于耦合卡诺电池的绿色低碳余热回收系统。该系统通过电—热双向能量转换实现多能互补与动态优化调度，在电力低谷期将电能转化为热能储存，在高峰期经热力循环释放能量，从而平衡负荷波动并提升能源利用率。基于典型两天（48 h）运行工况，建立电—热—储多能耦合优化模型，对比分析传统替代储能方案与含卡诺电池系统的运行特性。结果表明，耦合卡诺电池可显著改善电网功率波动特性，最大购电功率降低19.8%，功率波动标准差下降至1.20 MW，峰均比由3.24降至2.16；同时，总运行成本由37 338.15元降至36 551.91元，降低约2.11%。该系统实现了低品位余热的高效回收与灵活利用，提升了综合能源系统的能效与经济性，为工业能源系统的优化与绿色低碳运行提供了技术支撑。

To improve the utilization efficiency of low-grade waste heat in the industrial sector, alleviate the temporal mismatch between energy supply and demand, and reduce operating costs, a green and low-carbon waste heat recovery system based on a coupled Carnot battery was designed. The system achieves multi-energy complementarity and dynamic optimization scheduling through bidirectional electricity-heat energy conversion, storing electrical energy as heat during off-peak periods and releasing it through thermodynamic cycles during peak periods to balance load fluctuations and enhance energy utilization efficiency. Based on a typical 48-hour operating condition, an electricity-heat-storage multi-energy coupling optimization model was established to compare the operational characteristics of the traditional alternative energy storage scheme and the system containing a Carnot battery. The results show that the coupled Carnot battery can significantly improve the power fluctuation characteristics of the grid: the maximum purchased power decreases by 19.8%, the power fluctuation standard deviation drops to 1.20 MW, and the peak-to-average ratio decreases from 3.24 to 2.16. Meanwhile, the total operating cost decreases from 37,338.15 yuan to 36,551.91 yuan, a reduction of about 2.11%. The system realizes efficient recovery and flexible utilization of low-grade waste heat, improving the energy efficiency and economic performance of integrated energy systems and providing technical support for their optimization and green, low-carbon operation.

浙江省“尖兵领雁+X”研发攻关计划“高碳行业节能降耗关键技术与装备研发-面向烟草醇化生产的余热回收装备及系统优控”（2024C03117）