齿轮传动系统作为船舶动力装置中功率分配与传递的关键环节，其运行状态直接影响船舶的可靠性与安全性。针对干摩擦、点蚀、断齿及不对中等典型船用齿轮故障，本研究从动力学角度出发，构建了齿轮传动系统的弯扭耦合动力学模型。通过引入Newmark逐步积分法进行振动响应计算，分析了上述四种故障对齿轮副振动响应的影响，并将仿真结果与试验台测试数据进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:干摩擦条件下振动加速度幅值显著高于混合润滑状态，仿真与试验误差在14%-19%之间；点蚀故障的时域特征不明显，但频域分析显示出以故障特征频率（7.5Hz）为间隔的边频带；断齿故障在时域产生明显的周期性冲击，仿真与试验结果吻合较好，总体幅值误差约10%；齿轮不对中导致振动加速度整体幅值上升（试验约30%，仿真约27%），且频域中低阶倍频幅值显著增强。本研究为船用齿轮传动系统的故障诊断与状态监测提供了理论依据和仿真支持。

The gear transmission system, as a key link in power distribution and transmission in ship power plants, directly affects the reliability and safety of the ship"s operation. In response to typical marine gear failures such as dry friction, pitting corrosion, tooth breakage, and misalignment, this study constructs a bending torsional coupling dynamic model of the gear transmission system from a dynamic perspective. By introducing the Newmark stepwise integration method for vibration response calculation, the influence of the above four faults on the vibration response of gear pairs was analyzed, and the simulation results were compared and analyzed with the test data on the test bench. The research results indicate that: The amplitude of vibration acceleration under dry friction conditions is significantly higher than that under mixed lubrication conditions, with simulation and experimental errors ranging from 14% to 19%; The time-domain characteristics of pitting faults are not obvious, but frequency domain analysis shows sidebands spaced at the fault characteristic frequency (7.5Hz); The tooth breakage fault produces significant periodic impacts in the time domain, and the simulation and experimental results are in good agreement, with an overall amplitude error of about 10%; Misalignment of gears leads to an overall increase in vibration acceleration amplitude (approximately 30% in experiments and 27% in simulations), and the amplitude of low order harmonics in the frequency domain is significantly enhanced. This study provides theoretical basis and simulation support for fault diagnosis and status monitoring of marine gear transmission systems.

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