针对风光发电的波动性与随机性导致的弃风弃光问题，以及电化学储能在长时、大规模储能中的技术经济限制，提出一种基于氢储能的风光氢储一体化系统，旨在提升源荷平衡能力与可再生能源消纳水平。通过构建计及设备寿命期内性能衰退的高精度仿真模型，集成风机、光伏、电解槽、燃料电池及储氢罐的时序耦合特性，以年化成本、缺电率和弃电率为优化目标，采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解Pareto前沿，并对比氢储能与电池储能的性能差异。结果表明，系统最优配置可实现年化成本4774万元，缺电率和弃电率分别降至2.86%与1.16%。长期场景下，氢储能方案经济性提升29.7%，供电可靠性提高28.7%，可再生能源消纳率提升5个百分点，显著优于电化学储能，后者更适用于短周期高频调节。氢储能可有效平抑风光出力时空波动，提升供电可靠性与可再生能源利用率，为高比例可再生能源系统提供规模化长时储能路径。

Aiming at the wind and solar curtailment issues caused by the volatility and randomness of wind-solar power generation, as well as the technical and economic limitations of electrochemical energy storage in long-duration and large-scale energy storage, an integrated wind-solar-hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen energy storage is proposed to enhance source-load balancing capability and renewable energy integration. By constructing a high-precision simulation model considering performance degradation during the equipment's life cycle, the time-series coupling characteristics of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, electrolyzers, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage tanks are integrated. Taking annualized cost, power shortage rate, and curtailment rate as optimization objectives, the NSGA-II algorithm (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) is used to solve the Pareto front, and the performance differences between hydrogen energy storage and battery energy storage are compared. The results show that the optimal configuration of the system can achieve an annualized cost of 47.74 million yuan, with the power shortage rate and curtailment rate reduced to 2.86% and 1.16%, respectively. In the long-term scenario, the hydrogen energy storage scheme improves economy by 29.7%, power supply reliability by 28.7%, and renewable energy integration rate by 5 percentage points, significantly outperforming electrochemical energy storage (the latter is more suitable for short-cycle high-frequency regulation scenarios). Hydrogen energy storage can effectively smooth the spatio-temporal fluctuations of wind-solar power output, enhance power supply reliability and renewable energy utilization rate, providing a large-scale long-duration energy storage solution for high-proportion renewable energy systems.

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