压缩空气储能是实现大规模储能最具潜力的技术之一，提高其循环效率的核心是实现等温压缩/膨胀过程。本文聚焦液体活塞技术在等温压缩空气储能的应用，系统介绍了该技术的发展历程、工作原理、热力学过程、气液两相的流型以及传热机理。针对液体活塞运行中的维持等温特性、提高系统循环效率的关键方法，文中重点阐述了喷淋、嵌入多孔介质、浮球、水基泡沫、优化迹线和腔体形状等不同强化传热技术及其优缺点。最后，对人工智能技术加速液体活塞技术的产业应用进行了展望。

Compressed air energy storage is one of the most promising energy storage technologies. The key to improve the round-trip efficiency is achieve near isothermal compression/expansion processes. The work introduced the process, operating principles, thermodynamic processes, flow models of gas-liquid two-phase and heat transfer analysis pertaining of liquid pistons. Various methods to enhance the heat transfer process, including spray injection, porous media, hollow spheres, aqueous foam, optimal trajectories, as well as optimal geometry of the piston column, are proposed to improve compression/expansion efficacies by maintaining isothermal processes of the liquid piston. Finally, combined with artificial intelligence technology, the future of industrial application of liquid piston technology has been prospected.

青海省十大国家级科技创新平台(项目编号:2025-ZJ-J04),国家电投集团科技项目(KY-C-2025-CN02),中央高校基本科研业务面上项目(2024MS013),国家自然科学(52106259)。