本文基于未来海上巡逻艇长续航及绿色高效的技术需求,创新性提出了一种安全、高效、紧凑型氨燃料SOFC全电力推进系统。采用COMSOL模拟SOFC内部的传热、传质、电化学等详细物理化学过程。同时针对变工况下SOFC的内部流场特性改变与镍氮化导致的SOFC性能衰退进行详细分析。结果表明：除去系统耗功部件,所设计的巡逻艇全电力推进系统输出功率为95.86kW,系统效率为42.11%,满足目标船型功率需求。当巡逻艇在变工况下运行时,随着燃空比(F/A)从 0.046 增至 0.125 时,系统功率从31.84kW升高至110.17kW,效率从13.99%升至48.39%。同时,燃料通道入口温度升高,氨气裂解吸热引起温差从46K减小至14K,温度分布更均匀,进而提升 SOFC 整体性能。当F/A从0.087降至0.046时,入口处镍氮化风险区域扩大,肋片两侧局部区域镍氮化势能较高。低氨气流速和低温易引发直氨型SOFC的镍氮化,导致SOFC效率将降低0.6%至5.87%。研究结果为绿色船舶可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支持。

Based on the future technical requirements for long endurance and green, high-efficiency performance in patrol vessels, this study proposes an innovative, safe, efficient, and compact ammonia-fueled SOFC all-electric propulsion system. COMSOL simulations are employed to analyze detailed physical and chemical processes within the SOFC, including heat transfer, mass transfer, and electrochemical reactions. Additionally, variations in internal flow field characteristics under off-design conditions and performance degradation due to nickel nitriding are thoroughly investigated. Results indicate that, excluding power-consuming components, the designed propulsion system achieves an output power of 95.86 kW and a system efficiency of 42.11%, satisfying the power requirements of the target vessel. Under variable operating conditions, as the fuel-to-air ratio (F/A) increases from 0.046 to 0.125, system power rises from 31.84 kW to 110.17 kW, and efficiency improves from 13.99% to 48.39%. Concurrently, the inlet temperature of the fuel channel increases, and the temperature difference caused by endothermic ammonia decomposition decreases from 46 K to 14 K, resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution and enhanced SOFC performance. When the F/A ratio decreases from 0.087 to 0.046, the risk area for nickel nitriding at the inlet expands, with localized high-potential nitriding regions occurring on both sides of the ribs. Low ammonia flow rates and low temperatures are prone to induce nickel nitriding in direct-ammonia SOFCs, leading to efficiency reductions of 0.6% to 5.87%. These findings provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the sustainable development of green ships.

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国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）面上项目：No.52176013；上海市政府间国际合作项目：No.23160710200