叶片开缝是一种常见的流动控制技术,可用于改善垂直轴风力机气动性能。尽管开缝在低尖速比(叶片理论攻角变化幅度大),能够提升叶片气动性能,但在中/高尖速比反而因其结构特点加剧流动分离的发生。针对这一问题,提出利用翼缝与薄板相结合的方法克服传统开缝叶片缺点。通过正交试验设计得到最佳翼缝-薄板参数,并据此设计薄板控制策略,实现翼缝的开合与关闭。研究表明：所提的翼缝-薄板模型可有效增强迎风区叶片的转矩系数与压差,改善吸力面低速流动结构,使分离点后移,推迟流动分离发生,同时维持背风区受力稳定性；显著提高垂直轴风力机在所有尖速比工况下的气动性能,风能利用系数平均提升27.23%。

Blade slotting is a common passive flow control technology, which can be used to improve the aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). Although the slot can improve the aerodynamic performance of the blade at a low tip speed ratio (the theoretical angle of attack of the blade varies greatly), it tends to exacerbate flow separation at medium to high tip speed ratios due to structural limitations. To address this issue, this study proposes a method to overcome the shortcomings of traditional slotted blades by combining slot and thin plates. The optimal parameters of the slot-thin plate are determined using an orthogonal experimental design, and the control strategies are subsequently developed to regulate the opening and closing of the slot. The results indicate that the proposed model can effectively enhance the torque coefficient and pressure differential of the blade in the upwind, improves the low-velocity flow structure on the suction surface, make the separation point move backward, delay the occurrence of flow separation, and maintains force stability in the downwind; The aerodynamic performance of the VAWT improves significantly under all tip speed ratios, with an average 27.23% increase in the power coefficient.

TK 83

国家重点研发计划(2024YFA1012501)；,国家自然科学基金项目(52476212)