围绕大功率质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）热电联供系统的优化设计与性能分析，提出了一种可实现水电气热梯级利用的高效系统。通过构建耦合氢气循环、余热回收与水管理的系统架构，实现水、电、气、热的多能梯级利用；结合热力学与?分析理论，建立系统仿真模型，量化电堆及辅助部件的?流动与损失分布；并通过实验验证模型准确性，分析运行温度、压力与湿度等关键参数对系统性能的影响。结果显示：系统?效率可达43.4%，热电总利用率超过90%；电堆不可逆?损为主要损耗来源，占比超85%，但辅助部件中电子水泵、加湿器及换热器存在较大可优化空间；在低电流密度下，提高温度与湿度可提升电堆性能，而高电流密度工况则需降低温湿度以抑制寄生功耗。基于上述分析，提出基于工况分段的参数优化建议，实现系统效率与净功率输出的协调优化。研究成果可为PEMFC热电联供系统的高效运行与工程应用提供理论支撑与设计依据。

This study focuses on the optimal design and performance analysis of a high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) combined heat and power system, and proposes an efficient system capable of hierarchical utilization of water, electricity, gas, and heat. The system incorporates hydrogen recirculation, waste heat recovery, and water management to achieve hierarchical utilization of water, electricity, gas, and heat. A comprehensive simulation model based on thermodynamic and exergy analysis is established to quantify the exergy flow and losses across the fuel cell stack and auxiliary components. Experimental validation confirms the model's accuracy, and the influence of key operational parameters—temperature, pressure, and humidity—on system performance is systematically investigated. Results indicate that the system achieves an exergy efficiency of 43.4% and an overall energy utilization rate exceeding 90%. Irreversible exergy loss in the fuel cell stack accounts for the majority of system losses, while auxiliary components such as the electronic water pump, humidifiers, and heat exchangers exhibit substantial potential for optimization. Increasing operating temperature and humidity under low current densities enhances stack performance, whereas at high current densities, reducing these parameters significantly lowers parasitic power consumption. Parameter optimization suggestions based on operating condition segmentation are proposed to achieve coordinated optimization of system efficiency and net power output.These findings offer theoretical guidance and technical support for the efficient operation and engineering deployment of PEMFC-based CHP systems.

单套兆瓦级质子交换膜燃料电池热电联供系统设计与集成国重项目(SQ2023YFB4000029);国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目资助(5400-202336583A-3-2-ZN)