在当前碳中和背景下，高效绿色航运动力系统开发已成为航运行业的关键议题。而如何实现船舶动力系统的高效性与长续航性，并结合实际航行工况对系统参数进行动态调配，已经成为当前制约船舶绿色动力技术发展的难点和研究热点。本研究在MATLAB/Simulink平台下以某型号货船参数为基准创新性地提出了一种以氨燃料的船舶SOFC/GT混合推进系统，并结合船舶实际运行数据，分析了负荷阶跃递增和阶跃递减情况下推进系统的动态特性和各部件安全特性，得到了变工况下混合推进系统关键参数的变化规律。结果表明，所设计的船舶混合推进系统输出功率额定工况为600kW，发电效率为60.12%，能够满足目标船型11.6knot航速需求。当船舶在负载递减过程中，系统可实现负载从100%至40%的阶跃递减，响应时间最大为118.6s，系统的最大超调为1.68%，可以实现系统快速安全的动态响应。在负载递增过程中可实现负载从40%至100%的阶跃递增，响应时间最大为124.6s，系统最大超调为2.83%。值得注意的是，负载从40%递增至60%的过程中，压气机接近喘振线，透平入口温度接近下边界，系统功率出现2.83%的超调，这要求GT在此段负载变化期间重点关注压气机工作状态，远离喘振线，并确保TIT能够处于安全范围，防止GT运行工况出现进一步恶化。所得结果可为未来低碳航运系统的关键技术突破提供理论支撑。

In the context of carbon neutrality, developing high-efficiency and eco-friendly marine propulsion systems is crucial. Ensuring both efficiency and long endurance while dynamically adjusting system parameters based on actual operating conditions remains a key challenge in green marine propulsion. This study proposes an ammonia-fueled SOFC/GT hybrid propulsion system for ships, modeled in MATLAB/Simulink based on a specific cargo vessel. Dynamic characteristics and component safety under stepwise load variations are analyzed using real-world operational data. Results show that the designed system achieves a rated power output of 600 kW with 60.12% efficiency, meeting the vessel's 11.6-knot speed requirement. During stepwise load reduction (100%–40%), the system responds within 118.6 s with a 1.68% overshoot, ensuring rapid stability. In load increase (40%–100%), the response time is 124.6 s with a 2.83% overshoot. Notably, in the 40%–60% range, the compressor nears the surge line, and the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) approaches its lower limit, requiring careful GT monitoring to prevent instability. These findings provide theoretical support for advancing low-carbon marine propulsion technologies.

TK221

国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）,上海市政府间国际合作项目，英国皇家学会国际交流项目