复合减振器作为船用动力设备隔离系统的关键减振元件，其优良的隔振与抗冲击性能可以避免船舶因失去动力而造成人员、装备的损失。然而复合减振器通常包含多种减振材料，具有明显非线性特征，其结构优化设计存在难点。针对某型号船用复合减振器，为研究其动力学特性并优化其抗冲击性能。基于丁腈橡胶大应变率范围本构模型，建立了复合减振器有限元仿真模型，对其开展了三向静刚度、垂向扫频和跌落冲击特性的试验与仿真分析；基于仿真开展了影响因素分析，获得了复合减振器结构参数对其静刚度、固有频率以及隔离单元冲击最大加速度、冲击最大位移的影响规律；基于影响因素分析，采用带精英策略的非支配排序的多目标遗传算法、多目标粒子群算法开展了考虑复合减振器静、动态特性约束的多目标结构优化。结果表明：复合减振器刚度仿真与试验误差小于10%，阻尼误差小于13%，证明了仿真模型的准确性；优化后，隔离单元在冲击条件下的最大相对位移下降7.39%、最大绝对加速度下降3.9%，证明了优化设计方法的有效性。

The composite shock absorber is a crucial component in the vibration isolation system of marine power equipment. Its superior vibration isolation and shock resistance help prevent personnel and equipment loss due to loss of power. However, the presence of various vibration-absorbing materials leads to significant nonlinear characteristics, complicating structural design optimization. In order to study the dynamic characteristics of a certain type of Marine composite shock absorber and enhance its impact resistance performance. Based on the large strain rate range constitutive model of nitrile butadiene rubber, the finite element simulation model of composite shock absorber was established, and the triaxial static stiffness, Natural frequency and drop impact characteristics were tested and simulated. Based on the simulation, the influence factors of the structural parameters of the composite shock absorber on its static stiffness, natural frequency, maximum impact acceleration and maximum impact displacement of the isolation unit are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors, the multi-objective structural optimization considering the static and dynamic characteristics of the composite shock absorber is carried out by using NSGA-II and MOPSO. The result shows that the simulation error for stiffness was under 10%, while damping characteristic error was below 13%. Optimization results showed reductions in maximum relative displacement by 7.39% and maximum absolute acceleration by 3.9% under impact conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of our optimized design method.

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