摘 要：为认识直接空冷凝汽器的动态特性，以某660MW超超临界机组的双“A”型直接空冷凝汽器为研究对象，在充分了解其工艺流程和结构特点的基础上，通过机理分析和合理简化，采用集总参数模块化建模方法，建立其动态数学模型，结合现场数据验证了模型准确性，并在汽轮机最大连续出力（Turbine Maximum Continuous Rating，TMCR）工况下对凝汽器动态特性进行仿真。仿真结果表明：仿真出的各种扰动下直接空冷凝汽器各参数的变化趋势均能通过机理分析给予合理解释；在各种扰动下，换热单元换热管束内总压和其换热管束外空气出口温度之间变化呈正相关关系；在同一扰动输入下，各换热单元换热管束内总压和换热管束外空气出口温度变化趋势相同，但在变化幅度上存在差异。本文的工作有助于加深对直接空冷凝汽器动态特性的认识，并为优化直接空冷系统的设计、控制及运行打下理论基础。

Abstract: To study the dynamic characteristics of a direct air-cooling condenser, this paper focuses on the double “A” type direct air-cooling condenser of a 660 MW ultra-supercritical unit. On the basis of fully understanding its technological process and structural features, its dynamic mathematical model is built using a lumped parameter modular modeling approach through mechanism analysis and reasonable simplifications, and the accuracy of the model is verified with field data. Furthermore, the condenser's dynamic characteristics are simulated under the Turbine Maximum Continuous Rating (TMCR) operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that all the variation trends of the direct air-cooling condenser operating parameters under different disturbances can be reasonably explained through mechanistic analysis; the total pressure inside the heat exchange tube bundles positively correlates with the air outlet temperature outside the heat exchange tube bundles under various disturbances; under the same disturbance input, the variation trends of the total pressure inside the heat exchange tube bundles and the air outlet temperature outside the heat exchange tube bundles of different heat exchange units are identical, however, the variation magnitudes are different. This work can help deepen the understanding of the dynamic characteristics of direct air-cooling condensers, and lay a theoretical foundation for optimizing the design, control, and operation of direct air-cooling systems.

国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）；上海发电过程智能管控工程技术研究中心项目（14DZ2251100）