相变材料相变过程的定温储放热特性可以有效地缓解太阳能光伏光热系统的温度波动。本文对太阳能光伏光热系统的热调控策略开展了详细的实验研究,太阳能集热器中填充的相变材料为饱和式脂肪酸。详细分析了集热器中通水和不通水两种热调控策略对系统能量利用的影响规律。实验结果表明：虽然相变材料可以有效地降低光伏板的温度,但是两种热调控策略下相变材料依然存在明显的温度分层现象,制约了其实际利用率；与不通水策略相比,通水策略在强化系统换热的同时促进了更多余热的回收,不通水和通水策略的热效率分别为71.3%和77.1%；通水策略可以更加有效地降低光伏板温度,缓解相变材料过热的影响,光电转化效率提高了7.3%。

The heat storage and release characteristics of phase change material (PCM) during phase transition can effectively alleviate temperature fluctuations of the solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. This paper carried out a detailed experimental study on the thermal regulation strategy of the solar PV/T system. The PCM filled in the solar collector is saturated fatty acid. We detailed analyzed the influence of two thermal regulation strategies, i.e., with and without water flow in the solar collector, on the energy utilization of the system. The experimental results show that although the PCM can effectively reduce the temperature of the PV panel, the PCM still has significant temperature stratification under the two thermal control strategies, which limits the actual utilization rate of PCM. Compared with the no-water strategy, the water supply strategy promotes the recovery of more waste heat while enhancing the heat exchange of the system. The thermal efficiency of the no-water and water strategies are 71.3% and 77.1%, respectively. The water supply strategy can effectively decrease the temperature of the PV panel and relieve the overheating of the PCM. The photoelectric conversion efficiency increased by 7.3%.

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上海市2020年度“科技创新行动计划”自然科学基金（20ZR1438700）；上海市国际科技合作基金(18160743600）