宽流量范围高效高压比设计是现代船用涡轮增压器的发展趋势，而轴流涡轮作为主要部件其膨胀比和变工况效率要求亦将随之增加，加之特殊的通流形式与进排气环境，使得涡轮内部流动异常复杂，严重限制了大膨胀比涡轮气动性能的提高。本文主要从大膨胀比涡轮气动设计、大膨胀比涡轮中的复杂流动现象及流动机理和大膨胀比涡轮气动研究存在的问题三个方面对船用增压器大膨胀比轴流涡轮气动技术的研究进展进行综述；并指出未来应在宽工况大膨胀比涡轮激波主导非对称流动机理及调控方法方面深入开展研究，以期把涡轮气动设计参数与其内部复杂流动相关联，进而探求能显著改善大膨胀比涡轮全工况气动性能的设计策略和方案，从而为高效船用增压器涡轮研发提供技术支撑。

The wide flow range, high efficiency and high pressure-ratio design is the development trend of modern marine turbochargers. Since the axial turbine is one of the main components of marine turbochargers, the requirements on its expansion-ratio and off-design efficiency will also increase. Combined with its special flow structure and intake and exhaust environment, the extremely complex internal flows of turbines are caused, which seriously restricts the aerodynamic performance improvement of large expansion-ratio turbines. The development of the research about marine turbocharger large expansion-ratio axial turbine aerodynamic technology is reviewed in three aspects: large expansion-ratio turbine aerodynamic design, complex flow phenomena and flow mechanism inside the large expansion-ratio turbine and the existing issues for large expansion-ratio turbine aerodynamic researches. Besides, it is pointed out that the future research should focus on the shock-dominated asymmetric flow mechanism and regulating method in a wide-condition large expansion-ratio turbine, in order to correlate the turbine aerodynamic design parameters with the complex internal flows, and then it seeks to design strategies and solutions that can significantly improve the full-condition aerodynamic performance of large expansion-ratio turbines, thus providing the technical support for the development of high efficiency marine turbocharger turbines.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（51979052, 51779051）