设计了一套换热系统试验台，分别把磁纳米流体和水作为热管的工质，对玻璃真空管内插热管式太阳能集热器进行对比试验，分析两种集热器处于不同倾角、不同天气条件、不同总辐射量下的光热转换瞬时效率及日平均效率。此外，比较了玻璃真空集热器和热管内插式集热器的平均热损失系数。研究表明：内插热管式集热器的平均热损失系数约为全玻璃真空管集热器的2.32%，远小于全玻璃真空集热管，且工质为纳米流体的热管式玻璃真空管太阳能集热器的热损失系数比水工质热管真空集热管更低，其瞬时效率及日平均效率更高，运行更加高效、安全、稳定。

Designed was a heat exchange system test rig.With a magnetic nanofluid and water serving as the working media in a heat pipe respectively,a contrast test of a glass vacuum tube and internally inserted heat pipe type solar heat collector was conducted to analyze the photothermal conversion momentary efficiency and daily averaged efficiency of the two collectors at different inclination angles,weather conditions,total solar irradiances.In addition,the average heat loss coefficients of the two collectors were compared.It has been found that the average heat loss coefficient of the internally inserted heat pipe type collector is about 2.32% of that of the whole glass vacuum tube collector,far less than that of the whole glass vacuum tube collector and that of the heat pipe type glass vacuum tube solar heat collector with the nanofluid serving as the working medium is far less than that of the heat pipe vacuum heat collector with water serving as the working medium and its momentary efficiency an daily averaged efficiency are far higher,thus securing an even higher efficiency,safe and stable operation.

TK513

国家自然科学基金（51676131，51176129）；上海市科学技术委员会项目（13DZ2260900）